Phobos regolith simulants PGI-1 and PCA-1

The Martian moon Phobos is the target of the upcoming JAXA Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission. There are currently no known samples of Phobos, so spacecraft hardware testing and scientific studies require Phobos regolith simulants. Here, we present two new Phobos regolith simulants: Phobos Captured Asteroid-1 (PCA-1) and Phobos Giant Impact (PGI-1). These two simulants reflect the two hypotheses for Phobos’s formation, and thus the two broad possibilities for composition. This work follows previous efforts to document the development of mineralogically accurate simulants, in an effort to overcome past pitfalls with inappropriate uses of simulants. We report physical and geotechnical properties of PCA-1 and PGI-1, including their reflectance spectra, grain size distributions, abrasivity, cohesion, strength, and hardness. Our intent is for PCA-1 and PGI-1 to be open standards for Phobos simulants, and we present the simulant recipes and production methodology for use and modification by the community.     

直升机主减速器传动效率试验方法

基于传动效率直接、间接测试法测试原理,开展了某型直升机主减速器传动效率试验研究,对比分析了不同工况下传动效率变化规律。试验结果表明:主减速器传动效率与输入扭矩、滑油温度成正相关,与输入转速成负相关,在小扭矩状态下变化明显,且其随转速的变化率明显小于随扭矩的变化率;同时各工况下传动效率的间接测试结果均大于直接测试结果,随着输入扭矩的增加,间接测试与直接测试传动效率相对差值逐渐减小,而两者之差随转速变化不明显。误差分析结果表明:各工况下,采用间接测试法的测试极限误差均小于直接测试法,直接、间接测试法最大测试误差分别为1.28%、0.72%。     

Longitudinal MLT wind structure at higher mid-latitudes as seen by meteor radars at central and Eastern Europe (13°E/49°E)

The mid-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) wind speeds measured by two SKiYMET meteor radars (MRs) at Collm (51°N, 13°E) and Kazan (56°N, 49°E) during 2016–2017 were analyzed to study longitudinal wind structures. The differences between monthly mean prevailing wind speeds and tidal amplitudes were compared with the corresponding differences obtained from TIMED/TIDI satellite winds and gradient wind speeds from the AURA/MLS instrument. It is shown that the MR wind difference between the two sites is statistically significant. The difference of the horizontal prevailing winds can be explained by a superposition of the background zonal flow, which is different at the two latitudes, with stationary planetary waves of different origin. Non-migrating tides contribute significantly to the difference of the semidiurnal tidal winds between the two sites.     

基于浮点编码遗传算法的行星轮系折叠机构优化设计

针对折叠机翼变体飞机,设计一种适合装配在变体飞机小空间的行星轮系折叠机构。在系统研究行星轮系设计目标、设计变量和约束条件的基础上,基于浮点编码遗传算法,使用MATLAB优化工具箱对其主要参数进行优化。结果表明：相对于安全系数法,浮点编码遗传算法可减轻结构重量16．7％,使折叠机构在满足设计指标的情况下达到质量最轻的目的;采用浮点编码遗传算法进行优化求解是行星轮系机构设计的一种行之有效的优化设计方法。     

GTF发动机行星齿轮传动系统设计技术研究

行星齿轮传动系统作为齿轮驱动风扇(Geared Turbofan,GTF)发动机的关键部件,其传动功率大、空间结构紧凑、工作条件恶劣。为突破该部件设计关键技术,并为国内GTF发动机结构设计积累经验,在GTF发动机齿轮传动系统概念设计的基础上,开展了其初步设计,对齿轮进行疲劳强度分析;采用齿轮宏观参数优化和微观修形设计方法,提高齿轮承载能力,减小传递误差,改善齿轮接触区应力分布,提高齿轮传动系统的运动平稳性。     

直升机减速器传动效率间接测定法研究

从测定减速器损失功率出发,探讨了一种间接测量直升机主、中、尾减速器传动效率的方法。该方法在当前主减速器输入功率(发动机输出功率)、尾桨轴输出功率可测的基础上,避开了直接测定传动效率的技术难点,通过对进、出散热器管路的滑油温度、滑油流量、壳体表面温度,减速器工作环境温度等参数的测量,通过传热学建立的减速器损失功率数学计算模型,实现了对主、中、尾减速器损失功率的确定。该方法对直升机减速器传动效率试飞测定做了重要的方法探索,为后续开展传动效率试飞考核奠定了基础。     

The James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large (6.6 m), cold (<50 K), infrared (IR)-optimized space observatory that will be launched early in the next decade into orbit around the second Earth–Sun Lagrange point. The observatory will have four instruments: a near-IR camera, a near-IR multiobject spectrograph, and a tunable filter imager will cover the wavelength range, 0.6 < ; < 5.0 μ m, while the mid-IR instrument will do both imaging and spectroscopy from 5.0 < ; < 29 μ m.The JWST science goals are divided into four themes. The key objective of The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Reionization theme is to identify the first luminous sources to form and to determine the ionization history of the early universe. The key objective of The Assembly of Galaxies theme is to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars, metals, morphological structures, and active nuclei within them evolved from the epoch of reionization to the present day. The key objective of The Birth of Stars and Protoplanetary Systems theme is to unravel the birth and early evolution of stars, from infall on to dust-enshrouded protostars to the genesis of planetary systems. The key objective of the Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life theme is to determine the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems including our own, and investigate the potential for the origins of life in those systems. Within these themes and objectives, we have derived representative astronomical observations.To enable these observations, JWST consists of a telescope, an instrument package, a spacecraft, and a sunshield. The telescope consists of 18 beryllium segments, some of which are deployed. The segments will be brought into optical alignment on-orbit through a process of periodic wavefront sensing and control. The instrument package contains the four science instruments and a fine guidance sensor. The spacecraft provides pointing, orbit maintenance, and communications. The sunshield provides passive thermal control. The JWST operations plan is based on that used for previous space observatories, and the majority of JWST observing time will be allocated to the international astronomical community through annual peer-reviewed proposal opportunities.     

齿轮传动对转桨扇发动机总体性能建模

为了开展齿轮传动对转桨扇发动机总体性能计算，在双轴涡桨发动机性能模型基础上完善了减速器与对转桨扇性能计算模型，通过构建求解方程组完成了齿轮传动桨扇发动机总体性能建模。计算表明，本模型设计点性能计算结果与公开文献计算结果误差不高于0.1%。本模型可在控制规律设计中选择桨距角为被控参数，且桨距角的调节对对应桨性能及转速影响最大；选定燃气发生器某一参数作为被控参数，再从前后桨桨距角、转速及自由涡轮转速中选取两个被控参数，组合形成的10种三变量组合控制规律均能在本模型中完成计算。结果表明，本模型可支持开展桨扇发动机控制规律设计与性能计算，具有良好的适用性与收敛性。     

附件机匣振动力学行为及寿命分析

附件机匣作为航空发动机的重要部件,获得其寿命指标至关重要,在对附件机匣壳体进行疲劳寿命分析时,需要充分考虑其复杂多样的工作环境以及各载荷情况。基于ANSYS Workbench有限元仿真,计算得到了附件机匣在考虑自身重力和固定约束条件、轴承载荷、温度场以及振动载荷谱共同作用时的应力响应功率谱密度。采用雨流循环计数方法并通过MATLAB编程计算得到附件机匣的疲劳寿命。结果表明:振动谱沿Z轴得到的等效应力值最大,且最大点的应力响应PSD谱中σx的总均方根值远大于其余应力。单独采用σx应力PSD谱和采用所有应力PSD谱计算得到的寿命相差仅50 min,因此可采用RMS最大的σx应力PSD谱计算附件机匣的疲劳寿命。     

“机械设计”课程设计的新课题

本文根据航空发动机和动力传动系统减速器的特点,提出了常用的NGW型行星减速器设计是“机械设计”课程设计的最佳题目。扼要分析了其计算特点和结构特点,并给出了设计题目及部分原始数据以供参考。